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Audio
Kasperbauer, Carmen_Z26_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_public.mp3

Kasperbauer, Carmen_Z26_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf. Carmen Artaro [sp?] Kasperbauer was dressed as an angel for the feast of the Immaculate Conception on Monday, December 8, 1941, when the Japanese attacked Guam. She was six years old and attending mass with her older sister Maria and her father. They heard a lot of airplanes and later an explosion. The priest let them go when they did not hear more planes approaching. Everybody was screaming and running, and the girls lost track of their father but were found by their aunt, who took them home. Their father and mother and siblings were sitting in their truck filled with household goods. Carmen thought her father had abandoned them and did not learn until after the war that he had asked her aunt to look after her so he could run home to her mother and siblings and get ready. As they drove the truck, people were hanging onto it, and Carmen’s father had to fight them off.

They stayed in their aunt’s house on the family ranch for the rest of the war. It had no electricity and no running water and an outhouse. Occasionally they went to Agana and stayed at their own home. Carmen recalls that people had to get out of their trucks and bow deeply to the Japanese guards, and if they did not bow properly they would be punished. On one trip, Carmen’s mother was carrying a letter from George Tweed to Mrs. Johnston and was afraid she would be searched. At the beginning of the war there was enough food, but eventually things got harder. The Japanese would pass by their house on the way to the lighthouse they were building, and they would usually try to come during mealtime and would chase the family off the table and eat the food. When Carmen’s family saw the Japanese coming, her mother would keep the baby and smaller kids near her because she thought that would protect her from being raped or molested, and the older children would go hide in the jungle.

Carmen remembers always being hungry on the ranch and watching her parents prepare food for her father to take to the jungle for George Tweed. She did not know whom it was for and resented it. She says it seemed like there were a lot of secretive things going on. Later her father started making fewer trips into the jungle and she began to help him carry the food, and they would have to be careful not to be seen by any Japanese. He would leave her in the jungle to gather something and told her he was taking the food to the Japanese in the nearby lighthouse, but she did not notice the contradiction. One time he left her for a long time in the jungle and she thought he was getting rid of her because there wasn’t enough food to feed everybody at home.

Carmen recalls another incident where she was playing and imitating a bird, saying “tweet, tweet, tweet,” and her mother told her never to say that and hit and kicked her. She thought her mother hated her and only later learned her mother was concerned that somebody would overhear and associate them with George Tweed.

Carmen says when her father first saw Tweed he decided to help him because he was gaunt and reminded him of Jesus Christ before he was crucified. Her father remembered learning the biblical saying “I am my brother’s keeper” and took Tweed in. A lot of people wanted to help save Tweed because of their belief in American democracy. Others were angry that Tweed had not turned himself in. While Tweed was hiding he did not know what the Chamorro people were thinking. The Japanese were interested in getting Tweed because he was the only radioman on the island, and they wanted his help to spy on U.S. military activity in the Pacific.

When the Americans were bombarding the island, Carmen’s dad took the last of the provisional food to Tweed’s cave and planned to tell him he couldn’t bring more food. Tweed had left a note that he had signaled an American ship and left the island. Carmen’s father returned to the ranch and the family planned to go to the Japanese concentration camp. As they were preparing to go, two Japanese came by, first to get another male relative and then to get Carmen’s father, under the guise of repayment for food from the ranch. Carmen ran and got a rifle or shotgun her father was hiding in a hollow tree. He refused to go with the Japanese and, after they left, took the family to Tweed’s cave. They remained there until August 8th, Carmen’s birthday, when Americans arrived and gave them a little food.

Kasperbauer, Carmen_Z26_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf

360 panoramic image of interior adobe building, open ceiling, fireplace, niche, herringbone patterned floor

Convento Fragment

bronze statue of robed priest on horseback in blue niche above pedestal, with two exhibits on either side

Album - 5 Items
Kino Statue

bronze statue of robed priest on horseback in blue niche above pedestal, with two exhibits on either side

Kino statue in niche

bronze statue of robed priest on horseback in niche with blue background

Kino statue in blue niche

bronze statue of robed priest on horseback

Bronze statue of Kino on horseback

bronze statue of robed priest on horseback

Closeup of Kino statue

bronze statue of robed priest on horseback

Bronze statue of Eusebio Francisco Kino

Jesuit church foundation outline with green grass and convento fragment to the right

Album - 3 Items
Jesuit Church Foundation

large arched opening with decorative sanctuary beyond

Album - 22 Items
Church - Sanctuary

view of barrel-vaulted ceiling, blackened

Album - 9 Items
Church - Sacristy

view of barrel-vaulted ceiling, blackened

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

view of steps leading to gated pulpit and adjacent ramp and entry to sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

doorway with graffiti visible in arched opening

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

sacristy with grated window and steps on the left, exterior doorway to the right

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

panorama of sacristy room with exterior doorway to the left, ramp leading to interior room to the right

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

panoramic view of sacristy with pulpit steps at the left, ramp center, grated window to the right and exterior doorway at far right

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

barrel vaulted ceiling, blackened, with ramp leading to the right of frame

Tumacácori mission church sacristy

blackened barrel vaulted ceiling

Tumacácori mission church sacristy, ceiling

Floor-level view of ramp from sacristy to sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sacristy ramp

Detail of painted finish on plaster

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

view looking directly up at domed roof with circular design at center

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary, domed roof

tall domed sanctuary ruin with paint and exposed adobe bricks

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Arched opening with tall domed sanctuary ruin beyond

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary painted finishes

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary painted finishes

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Window and detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Window and detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Detail of painted finish interior of church sanctuary

Tumacácori mission church sanctuary

Panoramic photo of bronze statue on a pedestal in a blue niche

Kino Statue

Panoramic image of adobe-walled room with window, bright doorway to outside, and steps at far right

Sacristy

Views to South and North along Monastery Street for Transportation Master Plan Project, January 2014. Images of Monastery Street for Transportation Master Planning project, including narrow roadway, unstriped parking, and school crossing.

Views to South and North along Monastery Street for Transportation Master Plan Project, January 2014

Views to South and North along Monastery Street for Transportation Master Plan Project, January 2014. Images of Monastery Street for Transportation Master Planning project, including narrow roadway, unstriped parking, and school crossing.

Views to South and North along Monastery Street for Transportation Master Plan Project, January 2014

Views to South and North along Monastery Street for Transportation Master Plan Project, January 2014. Images of Monastery Street for Transportation Master Planning project, including narrow roadway, unstriped parking, and school crossing.

Views to South and North along Monastery Street for Transportation Master Plan Project, January 2014

Audio
Reyes, Rafael_Z35_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_public.mp3

Reyes, Rafael_Z35_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf. Ralph Reges was fifteen, the youngest child and an errand boy at his home in 1941. His errand on December 8th was to take his niece to church for the lady of the Immaculate Conception day. About halfway through the mass they heard planes and then an explosion, and the priest ended the mass and told them to go home because Sumay was just bombed by the Japanese. Everybody went berserk, running and screaming. Ralph got his niece to his sister in Agana and ran back to his home in Agana Heights where his family was gathered. They loaded household items, provisions, and clothing onto the bull carts and prepared to go to the boonies. Ralph’s father sent him to help his aunt, a widower, who he stayed with throughout the war. When he and his aunt walked down San Ramon Hill to secure their surrender badges, it was like a different world with soldiers all over the place.

Ralph was known as a hardworking boy and was selected for forced work details. He replaced his brother-in-law on the manganese mining crew for a couple of days. Toward the end of the war Ralph’s civilian group dug tunnels and foxholes. They hustled and had little rest. The only way to escape being hit, slapped, poked or struck with a bayonet was through good behavior. The experience reminded him of slavery in the South. Ralph was also chosen to lay mines on the shores as tank barriers. While on this detail it began to rain very hard and the American bombardment began, and he and four friends took cover under a raised hut. A shell hit the hut and one friend died immediately, another later that day. Ralph told his detail supervisor that he was not well and would be burying his friends, and he was told to be at home because soon people would be sent to the concentration camps. Ralph’s area was sent to the camp called Mata, in Talafofo, where they built shelters and were able to hunt and forage for food. He was climbing a coconut tree when he saw Americans. They did not realize he spoke English and at first tried to communicate with him like Tarzan, saying “You Guam, me American.” Marines worked to secure the area and led people out, and then Ralph learned that his brother had been brutally beheaded and his father was in a concentration camp elsewhere cooking for Japanese officers. From then on they knew they were in safe positions and started picking up where they left off.

After the war Ralph served as a superintendent at the park in Asan where the emplacements [sp?] he built were located. At the tenth anniversary in August 1988 he made a statement about being the only superintendent in the National Park Service helping to protect and preserve what he unwillingly helped construct. The structures are deteriorating fast because they were meant for temporary protection from invading troops. When he was superintendent he was asked how he felt about the Japanese, and while he hated the one who beheaded his brother, he knows the Japanese were working under strict orders.

Reyes, Rafael_Z35_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf

A priest greeting natives who are busy building an unidentified structure.

07810

Watercolor over black lead, touched with white (altered), 262 x 151 mm., Inscribed in brown ink: 'One of their Religious men.' 1906,0509.1.14

An Indian priest

Audio
Josephy, Alvin_Z41_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_public.mp3

Josephy, Alvin_Z41_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf. Alvin Josephy Jr., resident of Greenwich, Connecticut, arrived in Guam with the Third Marine Division in July 1944 to retake the island from the Japanese. At the time, he was attached to the Third Weapons Company of the Third Marines of the Third Marine Division as they came up from Guadalcanal after the Bougainville Campaign in the Solomon Islands. Mr. Josephy and his Division were originally held in reserve to see whether they were needed at Saipan and because they were not they invaded Guam near Asan Beach Head.

Mr. Josephy landed three regiments abreast, the Third Division, his Division, on the left coming in at Adelup Point, the 21st Marines in the center and then the Ninth Marines over on the right near Asan Point. There was another invasion taking place simultaneously over on the Agat Beach Head carried out by the First Marine Provisional Brigade of two Marine regiments, 22nd Marines and the Fourth Marines, assisted by the 77th Army Division, and they eventually all linked up together.

Mr. Josephy, although trained at Parris Island as a Marine, was brought in as a Combat Correspondent because he had been in journalism before World War II. He was requisitioned by the Public Relations Department of the Marine Corps and Marine Corps Headquarters in Washington to join the Combat Correspondent Corps, which seemed to have no more than about 200 people in it, 200 Marines, throughout the whole war. Mr. Josephy was instructed by the Library of Congress that he was to go out into the field with all this recording equipment, which was quite cumbersome back then, and cover the different war songs that the servicemen were singing.

When one commander was approached, he said no way because Mr. Josephy would just be in the way and they had a war to fight. Being a Marine himself, he understood this and felt like quite a nuisance. However, when General Denig was approached he agreed. But once Mr. Josephy was aboard, he was told to forget about the war songs that he would be recording the combat. Before he knew it, he was crouched in the well of a halftrack, the machines used to transport the troops ashore, and was speaking into a microphone when they arrived on the beach and the fighting began. He remembers thinking, as gunfire was going all around him and dead bodies were lying on the ground, that it almost didn’t seem real. Finally, they were commanded to leave the halftrack, as that seemed to be what was drawing the gunfire, and they all ran into the jungle. Throughout all of the battles, Mr. Josephy never stopped recording and the information was then sent back to the United States to be played on the radio networks.

Now Mr. Josephy and others have come back to Guam, this time on a vacation to enjoy the beautiful island, and are very proud to see and hear the local Chamorro people speak of their gratitude for the changes the Americans made in taking back control of the Island. These people spent years under the control of the Japanese living in deplorable conditions and being tortured and brutalized daily.

However, Mr. Josephy has been quite vocal about his disappointment regarding the lack of information posted around historic sites about the contributions the Americans made. There seemed to be more about the Japanese. Yes, there were some, but they didn’t really convey what really went on back in July 1944 and he strongly believes this should be done. His hopes are that the U.S. troops are better recognized for their war efforts with significant monuments put in place before the 50th Anniversary of the Pacific War.

Josephy, Alvin_Z41_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf

Manuscript letter

Joseph Priestley to Reverend John Seddon, 26 April 1762

Manuscript letter

Joseph Priestley to Reverend John Seddon, 26 April 1762

Manuscript letter

Joseph Priestley to Reverend John Seddon, 26 April 1762

Manuscript letter

Joseph Priestley to Reverend John Seddon, 26 April 1762

Marion County Courthouse and Sheriff's House.

Marion County Courthouse and Sheriff's House

Priest Mill.

Priest Mill

Priestley, Joseph, House.

Priestley, Joseph, House

SS COPENHAGEN (shipwreck).

SS COPENHAGEN (shipwreck)

Marion County Courthouse and Sheriff's House.

Marion County Courthouse and Sheriff's House

Priestley, Joseph, House.

Priestley, Joseph, House

De Priest, Oscar Stanton, House.

De Priest, Oscar Stanton, House

De Priest, Oscar Stanton, House.

De Priest, Oscar Stanton, House

SS COPENHAGEN (shipwreck).

SS COPENHAGEN (shipwreck)

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