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National Park Service employee in uniform and straw hat waves from the driver’s seat of a Search and Rescue vehicle.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _010.jpg

Acadia National Park Search & Rescue vehicle with a smiling person in the driver's seat flashing peace signs.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _009.jpg

Child on adult's shoulders watching parade with participants in yellow firefighter outfits and a Smokey Bear costume waving American flags on a firetruck.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _008.jpg

Woman in a blue

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _007.jpg

Park staff member on a boat deck waving, with another person holding a lifebuoy.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _006.jpg

Superintendent Kevin Schneider waves, stands next to his wife on a boat. An American flag is visible in the background.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _005.jpg

Park staff and family members from Acadia National Park wave from a large metallic boat being towed by a white truck in the Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _004.jpg

Friends of Acadia volunteers march at the Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _003.jpg

Acadia National Park staff and Friends of Acadia members participate in the Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade, featuring a fire truck with Smokey the Bear and a boat.

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _002.jpg

Superintendent Kevin Schneider and his wife stand on a new boat with a banner reading

20240704_Brady Richards_ Bar Harbor Independence Day Parade _001.jpg

Superintendent Kevin Schneider and his wife stand on a new boat with a banner reading

Album - 10 Items
Acadia Attends Bar Harbor's Independence Day Parade

A Ranger and Volunteer enjoy a cold treat under an NPS tent in the shade.

Ranger and Volunteer.

Rangers in bright vests and hats enjoying a cold treat.

Rangers enjoying a cold treat.

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

A large crowd watching colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Colorful fireworks over a colonial Spanish fort

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

Navajo (Dine’) tribal members stand with NPS staff in a remote area of the park with sandy desert and a spring visible at right. In the distant background are dunes and mountains.

Navajo (Dine') Tribal Members at Big Spring with NPS Staff

Person stands showing thumbs up next to patriotically decorated National Park Service truck in Springdale, Utah.

Springdale Independence Day Parade 2023

Two wildland fire engines with patriotic decorations drive on Zion Park Boulevard in Springdale, Utah

Wildland fire engines drive in Springdale 4th of July Parade

More than 6 people including one park ranger walk with a banner that reads,

Zion Forever staff walk with a banner in 4th of July parade in Springdale, Utah

Two large white trucks follow a small red jeep with patriotic decorations while a crowd watches and waves from the sides of a two lane road in Springdale, Utah.

Wildland fire engines from Zion National Park drive in Springdale 4th of July Parade.

A white National Park Service truck decorated for Independence Day drives through Springdale, Utah with Zion Forever Project staff walking with a sign behind them. Rangers Garrett Moon and Lindsey Baker wave to visitors from inside the truck's cab.

Zion National Park staff in Springdale Independence Day Parade 2023

Fireworks over the Washington Monument

Album - 16 Items
National Mall Independence Day Fireworks

Four park rangers pose next to a Fourth of July float

Park Ranges represent Zion at the 4th of July Parade

Four park rangers decorate a float with flags for a fourth of July parade in Springdale

Park rangers at 4th of July Parade

Two rangers wave signs next to a decorated NPS truck at a 4th of July Parade in Springdale

Park Ranges waving signs for Zion at the 4th of July Parade in Springdale

Black and white photograph of a large, flat shrubby area with multiple dirt roads next to a body of water

LARO 2804

Black and white photograph of steep dark cliffs with a clearing, orchard, and road at the base

LARO 2768

Black and white photograph of a road with car and a person next to a large body of water with forested hills in the distance

LARO 2747

Black and white photograph taken across a body of water showing gentle forested hills on the far shore

LARO 2682

Black and white photograph of a dirt road next to a grove of pine trees

LARO 2678

Black and white photograph of a partially forested flats next to a river

LARO 2677

Black and white photograph of the partially forested flats with a dirt road next to a body of water

LARO 2672

Black and white photograph of a person sitting on the shore of a river as it flows though a rocky canyon.

LARO 2524

Black and photograph with a tan border of several rows of children and adults sitting on the steps of a building waving American flags

LARO 3018

Black and white photograph of a line of men and women on horses in costume

LARO 2707

Black and white photograph of a group of men, women, and children having a picnic in a forest

LARO 2436

A close-up photo of the head of the deep red flower. Down the center of the red petals is a green strip. Rainwater or dew covers the flower and its petals. At the center are ochre stamens which are shorter than the petals that surround them.

Toadshade

Audio
Kasperbauer, Carmen_Z26_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_public.mp3

Kasperbauer, Carmen_Z26_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf. Carmen Artaro [sp?] Kasperbauer was dressed as an angel for the feast of the Immaculate Conception on Monday, December 8, 1941, when the Japanese attacked Guam. She was six years old and attending mass with her older sister Maria and her father. They heard a lot of airplanes and later an explosion. The priest let them go when they did not hear more planes approaching. Everybody was screaming and running, and the girls lost track of their father but were found by their aunt, who took them home. Their father and mother and siblings were sitting in their truck filled with household goods. Carmen thought her father had abandoned them and did not learn until after the war that he had asked her aunt to look after her so he could run home to her mother and siblings and get ready. As they drove the truck, people were hanging onto it, and Carmen’s father had to fight them off. 

They stayed in their aunt’s house on the family ranch for the rest of the war. It had no electricity and no running water and an outhouse. Occasionally they went to Agana and stayed at their own home. Carmen recalls that people had to get out of their trucks and bow deeply to the Japanese guards, and if they did not bow properly they would be punished. On one trip, Carmen’s mother was carrying a letter from George Tweed to Mrs. Johnston and was afraid she would be searched. At the beginning of the war there was enough food, but eventually things got harder. The Japanese would pass by their house on the way to the lighthouse they were building, and they would usually try to come during mealtime and would chase the family off the table and eat the food. When Carmen’s family saw the Japanese coming, her mother would keep the baby and smaller kids near her because she thought that would protect her from being raped or molested, and the older children would go hide in the jungle. 

Carmen remembers always being hungry on the ranch and watching her parents prepare food for her father to take to the jungle for George Tweed. She did not know whom it was for and resented it. She says it seemed like there were a lot of secretive things going on. Later her father started making fewer trips into the jungle and she began to help him carry the food, and they would have to be careful not to be seen by any Japanese. He would leave her in the jungle to gather something and told her he was taking the food to the Japanese in the nearby lighthouse, but she did not notice the contradiction. One time he left her for a long time in the jungle and she thought he was getting rid of her because there wasn’t enough food to feed everybody at home.

Carmen recalls another incident where she was playing and imitating a bird, saying “tweet, tweet, tweet,” and her mother told her never to say that and hit and kicked her. She thought her mother hated her and only later learned her mother was concerned that somebody would overhear and associate them with George Tweed. 

Carmen says when her father first saw Tweed he decided to help him because he was gaunt and reminded him of Jesus Christ before he was crucified. Her father remembered learning the biblical saying “I am my brother’s keeper” and took Tweed in. A lot of people wanted to help save Tweed because of their belief in American democracy. Others were angry that Tweed had not turned himself in. While Tweed was hiding he did not know what the Chamorro people were thinking. The Japanese were interested in getting Tweed because he was the only radioman on the island, and they wanted his help to spy on U.S. military activity in the Pacific.

When the Americans were bombarding the island, Carmen’s dad took the last of the provisional food to Tweed’s cave and planned to tell him he couldn’t bring more food. Tweed had left a note that he had signaled an American ship and left the island. Carmen’s father returned to the ranch and the family planned to go to the Japanese concentration camp.  As they were preparing to go, two Japanese came by, first to get another male relative and then to get Carmen’s father, under the guise of repayment for food from the ranch. Carmen ran and got a rifle or shotgun her father was hiding in a hollow tree. He refused to go with the Japanese and, after they left, took the family to Tweed’s cave. They remained there until August 8th, Carmen’s birthday, when Americans arrived and gave them a little food.

Kasperbauer, Carmen_Z26_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf

Audio
Eddy, Jack_Z32_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_public.mp3

Eddy, Jack_Z32_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf. Jaron J. (Jack) Eddy took part in the July 21, 1944, American invasion of Guam. He was 23 years old, first lieutenant, platoon leader of the Second Platoon F Company, Ninth Marines. They were deck-loaded into Higgins boats, called LCVPs, and lowered down. They came to about a thousand yards off the reef and transferred to LVTs, which are amphibious tractors, and headed for the landing area under Japanese fire. They made it into the Navy Yard that day and into Cabras Island the next. About three days into the campaign they moved from the right flank over to the left flank. They took the place of A Company, Third Regiment. On July 25th they made an attack onto Fonte Plateau, which was the remaining high ground. It was imperative to cover all the high ground to get the Japanese observation of the beachhead eliminated. The attack was partially successful in their area. The Japanese launched a counterattack that evening, and Jack’s battalion was battered. The Japanese got down to the beach and into their division hospital and artillery. The Americans were able to maintain their positions and the Japanese could not break back through, although Jack’s unit was almost out of manpower and ammunition by the end of the night. The Americans didn’t know it, but they’d won. The balance of the fighting then would be almost a footrace to get up to the north end of the island, with the marines keeping the Japanese troops moving so they couldn’t set up a big last defensive line. Jack’s unit ended up on Patty Point on August 10th and that was the end of the active campaign. From their camp they ran patrols through the island seeking out Japanese stragglers. They stayed until sometime in February and then left Guam for Iwo Jima.

Jack notes that what they were heading for looked grim, but fortunately they had to concentrate on the task at hand and not dwell on what the future might hold. He says that people wonder about the casualties, and that war is about killing each other, so he expected to see people killed and that didn’t make much of an impression. But he also says, “when you lose a friend . . . there is no such thing as acceptable.”

Eddy, Jack_Z32_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf

Audio
Reyes, Jose_Z40_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_public.mp3

Reyes, Jose_Z40_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf. The interviewer describes how difficult life was in Guam during World War II. The Japanese attacked on December 8th, 1941. During three and a half years of occupation, the Chamorros were subjected to forced labor and eventually placed in concentration camps. Near the end of the occupation, Japanese behavior grew more violent. The Japanese command made a decision to kill all of the residents of the southern village of Merizo, and some of the worst mass executions of Chamorros took place there, in the caves of Tinta and Faha. Jose Soriano Reyes, whose wife had been executed, led an uprising against the Japanese. 

On July 10th, 1944, Jose’s wife, Laurice [ph] Cruz Reyes, told him that she was to be executed. A fight with an airplane in the area stopped the execution. Jose was about 20 miles away in Agana, and he returned to Merizo on the 15th. The Japanese were gathering the villagers and he sent his wife ahead with the children. On his way to join them, he heard grenades being thrown into the cave at Tinta where 30 villagers were held. Fourteen survived and hid under dead bodies to avoid being bayoneted by the Japanese. After nightfall they escaped. The next day, the Japanese gathered 30 more villagers and asked for help delivering supplies to Japanese to the north. The villagers were taken to Faha cave and again executed with hand grenades. This time there were no survivors. Other villagers, including Jose, were forced to move supplies. They went to the concentration camp at Atate. Jose learned that the Japanese had the young women massage them and deduced that it was time for the bonsai [sp?]. The Japanese had the villagers dig a large hole, which Reyes thought was for the people of Merizo, and he decided it was time to act. 

Reyes went with John Angulta [ph] and Pat Tidyron [ph] to fight the Japanese, and after they attacked the first guards, four other boys who had previously agreed to help Jose joined them. They killed four guards and took their weapons. About 50 or 60 people joined them, armed with sticks. They killed more Japanese and went to a supply depot. Two boys from Inarajan approached Jose with a note for the Japanese people in the Merizo cemetery. Jose asked the guards who were protecting the people from Merizo to keep the boys there. Then Jose and his people went to Agat and continued going after the Japanese. Jose sent his brother-in-law, Tony Leong Guerrero [ph], with five men on an outrigger canoe to go to an American ship and tell its commander that the Japanese were moving north. After reaching the ship they returned as scouts and guides leading the Marines through Agat and Merizo. 

According to the interviewer, Merizo was the only village on Guam that was liberated by its own people. The Guam Legislature adopted resolutions in 1972 and 1989 expressing recognition and commendation of Jose Reyes and the band of Guamanians he led.

Reyes, Jose_Z40_WAPA-246_WAPA 4170_OralHist_Audio_transcript.pdf


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