illustration of the upper layers of the earth showing the formation of a new ocean basin as the mid-ocean spreading center adds to the oceanic plate
Rift valleys formed as the thick continental crust (orange) ripped apart and thined. A narrow basin, with thin oceanic crust (black), developed as the two continental fragments split apart.
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Modified from “Parks and Plates: The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores,” by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172.