block diagram of earth's surface layers at continental rift zone
National Park Service sites in continental rift zones reveal long mountain ranges separated by deep valleys (basins) that are partially filled with sedimentary and volcanic material. Earthquakes (white stars) occur when the fault lines separating the basins and ranges suddenly let go.
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Modified from “Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest,” by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893.