alt="map of the northwest united states showing tectonic plates and volcanoes"
The Cascadia Subduction Zone is the Region where the Juan De Fuca and North American Plates Converge.
The Coast Ranges, including the Olympic Mountains, are made of oceanic sediments and hard rocks that were caught in the vise between the converging plates, uplifted, and added to the edge of the continent.
Puget Sound and the Willamette Valley are areas near sea level between the coastal and volcanic mountain ranges.
The Cascades form above the line where the subducting plate extends to depths where it heats up, dehydrates and causes magma to form. The line of active volcanoes, from Mt. Garibaldi to Lassen Peak, coincides with the north-to-south extent of the subducting plate boundary.
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Modified from “Beauty from the Beast: Plate Tectonics and the Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest,” by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 92 pp., 2015, www.amazon.com/dp/1512211893.