Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Appalachian Mountains—400 Million Years Ago
diagram of oceanic crust being subducted under continental crust
400 Million Years Ago—Iapetus Ocean Narrows during Subduction. Oceanic sediments and volcanic islands were at times added to the edge of North America.
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illustration modified from “Parks and Plates: The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores,” by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172.