diagram of oceanic crust being subducted under continental crust
Cascade - Sierra Volcanic Connection. The Sierra Nevada are a remnant of volcanoes that extended southward when the ancient Farallon Plate dove beneath the edge of North America. The Coast Range (accretionary wedge), Great Valley (forearc basin), and Sierra Nevada (volcanic arc) still reflect the subduction zone topography.
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Modified from “The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores,” by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172.